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  • 1 candida

    candĭdus, a, um, adj. [candeo], of a shining, dazzling white, white, clear, bright (opp. niger, a glistening black; while albus is a lustreless white, opp. ater, a lustreless black; cf. Serv. ad Verg. G. 3, 82; lsid. Orig. 12, 1, 51; Doed. Syn. III. p. 193 sq.) (class., and in the poets very freq.; in Cic. rare).
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen.
    1.
    Of shining objects, bright:

    stella splendens candida,

    Plaut. Rud. prol. 3:

    sidera,

    Lucr. 5, 1209:

    luna,

    Verg. A. 7, 8:

    lux clara et candida,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 49; so,

    clarā loco luce,

    Lucr. 5, 777:

    stellae,

    Hor. C. 3, 15, 6:

    color candidus Saturni,

    Plin. 2, 18, 16, § 79:

    flamma,

    Val. Fl. 8, 247:

    Taurus (the constellation),

    Verg. G. 1, 217:

    dies,

    Ov. Tr. 2, 142: aqua, Mart, 6, 42, 19: lacte, Varr. ap. Non. p. 483, 6; cf. id. ib. p. 169, 14.—
    2.
    Hence, an epithet of the gods or persons transformed to gods:

    Cupido,

    radiant, Cat. 68, 134:

    Liber,

    Tib. 3, 6, 1:

    Bassareus,

    Hor. C. 1, 18, 11 (cf. id. ib. 1, 2, 31):

    Daphnis,

    Verg. E. 5, 56 Wagn.—
    3.
    Of birds, animals, etc., white:

    anser,

    Lucr. 4, 685:

    avis,

    i. e. the stork, Verg. G. 2, 320; cf. Ov. M. 6, 96:

    ales, i. e. cygnus,

    Auct. Aetn. 88:

    candidior cygnis,

    Verg. E. 7, 38:

    aries,

    id. G. 3, 387:

    agnus,

    Tib. 2, 5, 38:

    equi,

    Tac. G. 10.—
    4.
    Of the dazzling whiteness of snow:

    altā nive candidum Soracte,

    Hor. C. 1, 9, 1; 3, 25, 10; Ov. H. 16, 250; id. M. 8, 373.—
    5.
    Of resplendent beauty of person, splendid, fair, beautiful:

    Dido,

    Verg. A. 5, 571:

    Maia,

    id. ib. 8, 138 Serv.; cf. Serv. ad Verg. E. 5, 56:

    candidus et pulcher puer,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 4:

    puella,

    Cat. 35, 8; Hor. Epod. 11, 27:

    dux,

    id. ib. 3, 9:

    Lampetie,

    Ov. M. 2, 349:

    membra,

    id. ib. 2, 607:

    cutis,

    Plin. 2, 78, 80, § 189:

    pes,

    Hor. C. 4, 1, 27:

    umeri,

    id. ib. 1, 13, 9:

    bracchia,

    Prop. 2 (3), 16, 24:

    colla,

    id. 3 (4), 17, 29:

    cervix,

    Hor. C. 3, 9, 2:

    ora,

    Ov. M. 2, 861:

    sinus,

    Tib. 1, 10, 68:

    dentes,

    Cat. 39, 1 (cf. candidulus) al.—
    6.
    Of the hair, hoary, white (more poet. than canus), Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 27:

    candidior barba,

    Verg. E. 1, 29:

    crinis,

    Val. Fl. 6, 60; cf.:

    inducto candida barba gelu,

    Ov. Tr. 3, 10, 22.—
    7.
    Of trees or plants: pōpulus, the white or silver poplar, Verg. E. 9, 41:

    lilia,

    id. ib. 6, 708; Prop. 1, 20, 38; Ov. M. 4, 355:

    folium nivei ligustri,

    id. ib. 13, 789:

    piper,

    Plin. 12, 7, 14, § 26. —
    8.
    Of textile fabrics, sails, dress, etc.:

    vela,

    Cat. 64, 235:

    tentoria,

    Ov. M. 8, 43:

    vestis,

    Liv. 9, 40, 9: toga, made brilliant by fulling (cf. Liv. 4, 25, 13;

    v. candidatus),

    Plin. 7, 34, 34, § 120; cf. Titinn. ap. Non. p. 536, 23.—So Cicero's oration: In Toga Candida, v. the fragments B. and K. vol. xi. p. 20-25; and the commentary of Asconius, Orell. vol. v. 2, p. 82 sq.— Sup.:

    candidissimus color,

    Vitr. 10, 7; cf. Varr. L. L. 8, § 17 Müll.—
    B.
    Opp. niger, Lucr. 2, 733; Verg. E. 2, 16; id. G. 3, 387; Plin. 12, 10, 42, § 92.—Prov.:

    candida de nigris et de candentibus atra facere,

    to make black white, Ov. M. 11, 315; so,

    acc. to some: nigrum in candida vertere,

    Juv. 3, 30.—
    C.
    In the neutr. absol.:

    ut candido candidius non est adversum,

    Quint. 2, 17, 35; and with a gen.:

    candidum ovi,

    the white of an egg, Plin. 29, 3, 11, § 40 (twice); cf.: album ovi, under album.—
    * D.
    Poet. and causative, of the winds, making clear, cloud-dis-pelling, purifying:

    Favonii,

    Hor. C. 3, 7, 1. —
    E.
    Also poet. for candidatus (= albatus), clothed in white:

    turba,

    Tib. 2, 1, 16:

    pompa,

    Ov. F. 2, 654; 4, 906:

    Roma, i. e. Romani,

    Mart. 8, 65, 6.—
    F.
    Candida sententia = candidi lapilli, Ov. M. 15, 47; v. the pass. in connection, and cf. albus, and calculus, II. D.—
    G.
    Candidus calculus, v. calculus, II. E.— Subst.: candĭda, ae, f., a game or play exhibited by a candidate for office (late Lat.):

    edere candidam,

    Ambros. Serm. 81.—
    II.
    Trop., pure, clear, serene, clean, spotless, etc.
    A.
    Of the voice, distinct, clear, pure, silver-toned (opp. fuscus), Quint. 11, 3, 15; Plin. 28, 6, 16, § 58; perh. also Cic. N. D. 2, 58, 146 (B. and K. with MSS. canorum; cf. Orell. N cr.).—
    B.
    Of discourse, clear, perspicuous, flowing, artless, unaffected:

    elaborant alii in puro et quasi quodam candido genere dicendi,

    Cic. Or. 16, 53. candidum et lene et speciosum dicendi genus, Quint. 10, 1, 121; Gell. 16, 19, 1.—And meton. of the orator himself:

    Messala nitidus et candidus,

    Quint. 10, 1, 113:

    dulcis et candidus et fusus Herodotus,

    id. 10, 1, 73:

    candidissimum quemque et maxime expositum,

    id. 2, 5, 19.—
    C.
    Of purity of mind, character ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose), unblemished, pure, guileless, honest, upright, sincere, fair, candid, frank, open:

    judex,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 4, 1 (integer, verax, purus, sine fuco, sine fallaciā, Schol. Crucq.):

    Maecenas,

    id. Epod. 14, 5:

    Furnius,

    id. S. 1, 10, 86:

    animae,

    id. ib. 1, 5, 41:

    pectore candidus,

    Ov. P. 4, 14, 43:

    ingenium,

    Hor. Epod. 11, 11:

    habet avunculum quo nihil verius, nihil simplicius, nihil candidius novi,

    Plin. Ep. 2, 9, 4; Vell. 2, 116, 5:

    candidissimus omnium magnorum ingeniorum aestimator,

    Sen. Suas. 6, 22:

    humanitas,

    Petr. 129, 11.—
    D.
    Of conditions of life, cheerful, joyous, happy, fortunate, prosperous, lucky:

    convivia,

    joyful, Prop. 4 (5), 6, 71:

    nox,

    id. 2 (3), 15, 1:

    omina,

    id. 4 (5), 1, 67:

    fata,

    Tib. 3, 6, 30, Ov. Tr. 3, 4, 34: dies. id. ib. 2, 142:

    pax,

    Tib. 1, 10, 45:

    natalis,

    id. 1, 7, 64; Ov. Tr. 5, 5, 14.—Hence, adv.: candĭdē.
    1.
    Acc. to I., in dazzling white' vestitus, Plaut. Cas. 4, 1, 10.—
    2.
    Acc. to II., clearly, candidly, sincerely: candide et simpliciter, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6, 1; Quint. 12, 11, 8; Petr. 107, 13.—
    III.
    As adj. propr: Candidum Promontorium, in Zeugitana, now C. Bianco, Mel. 1, 7, 2; Plin. 5, 4, 3, § 23.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > candida

  • 2 candidus

    candĭdus, a, um, adj. [candeo], of a shining, dazzling white, white, clear, bright (opp. niger, a glistening black; while albus is a lustreless white, opp. ater, a lustreless black; cf. Serv. ad Verg. G. 3, 82; lsid. Orig. 12, 1, 51; Doed. Syn. III. p. 193 sq.) (class., and in the poets very freq.; in Cic. rare).
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen.
    1.
    Of shining objects, bright:

    stella splendens candida,

    Plaut. Rud. prol. 3:

    sidera,

    Lucr. 5, 1209:

    luna,

    Verg. A. 7, 8:

    lux clara et candida,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 49; so,

    clarā loco luce,

    Lucr. 5, 777:

    stellae,

    Hor. C. 3, 15, 6:

    color candidus Saturni,

    Plin. 2, 18, 16, § 79:

    flamma,

    Val. Fl. 8, 247:

    Taurus (the constellation),

    Verg. G. 1, 217:

    dies,

    Ov. Tr. 2, 142: aqua, Mart, 6, 42, 19: lacte, Varr. ap. Non. p. 483, 6; cf. id. ib. p. 169, 14.—
    2.
    Hence, an epithet of the gods or persons transformed to gods:

    Cupido,

    radiant, Cat. 68, 134:

    Liber,

    Tib. 3, 6, 1:

    Bassareus,

    Hor. C. 1, 18, 11 (cf. id. ib. 1, 2, 31):

    Daphnis,

    Verg. E. 5, 56 Wagn.—
    3.
    Of birds, animals, etc., white:

    anser,

    Lucr. 4, 685:

    avis,

    i. e. the stork, Verg. G. 2, 320; cf. Ov. M. 6, 96:

    ales, i. e. cygnus,

    Auct. Aetn. 88:

    candidior cygnis,

    Verg. E. 7, 38:

    aries,

    id. G. 3, 387:

    agnus,

    Tib. 2, 5, 38:

    equi,

    Tac. G. 10.—
    4.
    Of the dazzling whiteness of snow:

    altā nive candidum Soracte,

    Hor. C. 1, 9, 1; 3, 25, 10; Ov. H. 16, 250; id. M. 8, 373.—
    5.
    Of resplendent beauty of person, splendid, fair, beautiful:

    Dido,

    Verg. A. 5, 571:

    Maia,

    id. ib. 8, 138 Serv.; cf. Serv. ad Verg. E. 5, 56:

    candidus et pulcher puer,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 4:

    puella,

    Cat. 35, 8; Hor. Epod. 11, 27:

    dux,

    id. ib. 3, 9:

    Lampetie,

    Ov. M. 2, 349:

    membra,

    id. ib. 2, 607:

    cutis,

    Plin. 2, 78, 80, § 189:

    pes,

    Hor. C. 4, 1, 27:

    umeri,

    id. ib. 1, 13, 9:

    bracchia,

    Prop. 2 (3), 16, 24:

    colla,

    id. 3 (4), 17, 29:

    cervix,

    Hor. C. 3, 9, 2:

    ora,

    Ov. M. 2, 861:

    sinus,

    Tib. 1, 10, 68:

    dentes,

    Cat. 39, 1 (cf. candidulus) al.—
    6.
    Of the hair, hoary, white (more poet. than canus), Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 27:

    candidior barba,

    Verg. E. 1, 29:

    crinis,

    Val. Fl. 6, 60; cf.:

    inducto candida barba gelu,

    Ov. Tr. 3, 10, 22.—
    7.
    Of trees or plants: pōpulus, the white or silver poplar, Verg. E. 9, 41:

    lilia,

    id. ib. 6, 708; Prop. 1, 20, 38; Ov. M. 4, 355:

    folium nivei ligustri,

    id. ib. 13, 789:

    piper,

    Plin. 12, 7, 14, § 26. —
    8.
    Of textile fabrics, sails, dress, etc.:

    vela,

    Cat. 64, 235:

    tentoria,

    Ov. M. 8, 43:

    vestis,

    Liv. 9, 40, 9: toga, made brilliant by fulling (cf. Liv. 4, 25, 13;

    v. candidatus),

    Plin. 7, 34, 34, § 120; cf. Titinn. ap. Non. p. 536, 23.—So Cicero's oration: In Toga Candida, v. the fragments B. and K. vol. xi. p. 20-25; and the commentary of Asconius, Orell. vol. v. 2, p. 82 sq.— Sup.:

    candidissimus color,

    Vitr. 10, 7; cf. Varr. L. L. 8, § 17 Müll.—
    B.
    Opp. niger, Lucr. 2, 733; Verg. E. 2, 16; id. G. 3, 387; Plin. 12, 10, 42, § 92.—Prov.:

    candida de nigris et de candentibus atra facere,

    to make black white, Ov. M. 11, 315; so,

    acc. to some: nigrum in candida vertere,

    Juv. 3, 30.—
    C.
    In the neutr. absol.:

    ut candido candidius non est adversum,

    Quint. 2, 17, 35; and with a gen.:

    candidum ovi,

    the white of an egg, Plin. 29, 3, 11, § 40 (twice); cf.: album ovi, under album.—
    * D.
    Poet. and causative, of the winds, making clear, cloud-dis-pelling, purifying:

    Favonii,

    Hor. C. 3, 7, 1. —
    E.
    Also poet. for candidatus (= albatus), clothed in white:

    turba,

    Tib. 2, 1, 16:

    pompa,

    Ov. F. 2, 654; 4, 906:

    Roma, i. e. Romani,

    Mart. 8, 65, 6.—
    F.
    Candida sententia = candidi lapilli, Ov. M. 15, 47; v. the pass. in connection, and cf. albus, and calculus, II. D.—
    G.
    Candidus calculus, v. calculus, II. E.— Subst.: candĭda, ae, f., a game or play exhibited by a candidate for office (late Lat.):

    edere candidam,

    Ambros. Serm. 81.—
    II.
    Trop., pure, clear, serene, clean, spotless, etc.
    A.
    Of the voice, distinct, clear, pure, silver-toned (opp. fuscus), Quint. 11, 3, 15; Plin. 28, 6, 16, § 58; perh. also Cic. N. D. 2, 58, 146 (B. and K. with MSS. canorum; cf. Orell. N cr.).—
    B.
    Of discourse, clear, perspicuous, flowing, artless, unaffected:

    elaborant alii in puro et quasi quodam candido genere dicendi,

    Cic. Or. 16, 53. candidum et lene et speciosum dicendi genus, Quint. 10, 1, 121; Gell. 16, 19, 1.—And meton. of the orator himself:

    Messala nitidus et candidus,

    Quint. 10, 1, 113:

    dulcis et candidus et fusus Herodotus,

    id. 10, 1, 73:

    candidissimum quemque et maxime expositum,

    id. 2, 5, 19.—
    C.
    Of purity of mind, character ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose), unblemished, pure, guileless, honest, upright, sincere, fair, candid, frank, open:

    judex,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 4, 1 (integer, verax, purus, sine fuco, sine fallaciā, Schol. Crucq.):

    Maecenas,

    id. Epod. 14, 5:

    Furnius,

    id. S. 1, 10, 86:

    animae,

    id. ib. 1, 5, 41:

    pectore candidus,

    Ov. P. 4, 14, 43:

    ingenium,

    Hor. Epod. 11, 11:

    habet avunculum quo nihil verius, nihil simplicius, nihil candidius novi,

    Plin. Ep. 2, 9, 4; Vell. 2, 116, 5:

    candidissimus omnium magnorum ingeniorum aestimator,

    Sen. Suas. 6, 22:

    humanitas,

    Petr. 129, 11.—
    D.
    Of conditions of life, cheerful, joyous, happy, fortunate, prosperous, lucky:

    convivia,

    joyful, Prop. 4 (5), 6, 71:

    nox,

    id. 2 (3), 15, 1:

    omina,

    id. 4 (5), 1, 67:

    fata,

    Tib. 3, 6, 30, Ov. Tr. 3, 4, 34: dies. id. ib. 2, 142:

    pax,

    Tib. 1, 10, 45:

    natalis,

    id. 1, 7, 64; Ov. Tr. 5, 5, 14.—Hence, adv.: candĭdē.
    1.
    Acc. to I., in dazzling white' vestitus, Plaut. Cas. 4, 1, 10.—
    2.
    Acc. to II., clearly, candidly, sincerely: candide et simpliciter, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6, 1; Quint. 12, 11, 8; Petr. 107, 13.—
    III.
    As adj. propr: Candidum Promontorium, in Zeugitana, now C. Bianco, Mel. 1, 7, 2; Plin. 5, 4, 3, § 23.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > candidus

  • 3 ovum

    ōvum, i, n. [ôon, i. e. ÔWON].
    I.
    Lit., an egg:

    ovum parere,

    to lay, Cic. Ac. 2, 18, 57; Varr. R. R. 3, 9, 8:

    edere,

    Col. 8, 3, 4:

    ponere,

    Ov. M. 8, 258:

    efferre,

    Verg. G. 1, 379:

    eniti,

    Col. 8, 11, 8 sq.:

    facere,

    Varr. R. R. 3, 9, 17:

    pullos ex ovis excuderunt,

    to hatch, Cic. N. D. 2, 52, 130 B. and K. (al. excluserunt):

    incubare ova,

    to sit on, brood on, hatch, Varr. R. R. 3, 9, 8; 12;

    for which: incubare ovis,

    Col. 8, 11, 14:

    suppovere ova,

    id. 8, 6, 1:

    an pulli rostellis ova percuderint... nam saepe propter crassitudinem putaminum erumpere non queunt,

    Col. 8, 5, 14:

    quatenus in pullos animalis vertier ova cernimus alituum,

    Lucr. 2, 927.—Also of the spawn of fish, etc.:

    etsi pisces, ova cum genuerunt relinquunt,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 51, 129:

    testudines autem et crocodilos dicunt... obruere ova,

    id. ib. 2, 52, 129:

    saepius et tectis penetralibus extulit ova... formica,

    Verg. G. 1, 380; Plin. 10, 52, 74, § 145:

    ovi putamen,

    an eggshell, Col. 8, 5, 14:

    cortex ovi,

    Ser. Samm. 28, 531.—The Romans usually began their meals with eggs and ended them with fruit; hence, integram famem ad ovum affero, until the egg, i. e. the beginning of the meal, Cic. Fam. 9, 20, 1; and:

    ab ovo Usque ad mala citaret, Io Bacche!

    i. e. from the beginning to the end, Hor. S. 1, 3, 6.—Acc. to the myth, Leda became pregnant by Jupiter, who visited her in the shape of a swan; she laid two eggs, one by Jupiter, and the other by Tyndarus; from the former of which were born Pollux and Helen, and from the latter Castor and Clytaemnestra;

    hence, nec gemino bellum Trojanum orditur ab ovo,

    Hor. A. P. 147: Castor gaudet equis, ovo prognatus eodem Pugnis, from the same egg, i. e. of the same parentage, id. S. 2, 1, 26.—In the circus seven wooden eggs were set up, one of which was removed at the completion of each circuit;

    hence, non modo ovum illud sublatum est, quod, etc.,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 2:

    ova ad notas curriculis numerandis,

    Liv. 41, 27, 6.—
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    An egg-shell (as a measure), an egg-shellful, Plin. 22, 25, 67, § 137.—
    B.
    An egg-shape, oval shape, oval, Calp. Ecl. 7, 34.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ovum

  • 4 ā-moveō

        ā-moveō ōvī, ōtus, ēre    [ab + moveo], to move away, take away, remove: testem abs te, T.: virgas a civium corpore: alia ab hostium oculis, L.: illum ex istis locis. — Esp., with pron reflex., to take oneself off, retire, withdraw: hinc te, T.: e coetu se, L. — To get away, abstract, steal: boves per dolum amotas, H.—To remove by banishment, banish: amotus Cercinam, Ta.: iudicio senatūs, Ta.—Fig., to lay aside, set aside, get rid of: amoto metu, T.: amoto ludo, jesting apart, H.: bellum, avert, L.: odium, invidiam.

    Latin-English dictionary > ā-moveō

  • 5 dī-moveō

        dī-moveō ōvī, ōtus, ēre,    to move asunder, part, put asunder, separate, divide: terram aratro, V.: glaebas aratro, O.: auras, V.: cinerem foco, O.: rubum, i. e. creep through, H. — To separate, disperse, scatter, dismiss: umentem polo umbram, V.: obstantīs propinquos, H.: turbam, Ta.—To move away, separate, remove: rem p. de suis possessionibus: alquos a plebe, S.—Fig.: alqm numquam dimoveas, ut, etc., entice away, in order to, etc., H.

    Latin-English dictionary > dī-moveō

  • 6 ōvum

        ōvum ī, n    [3 AV-], an egg: ovum parere, to lay: ponere, O.: pullos ex ovis excuderunt, hatched: pisces ova cum genuerunt, spawn: integram famem ad ovum adfero, i. e. the beginning of the meal (when eggs were served): ab ova Usque ad mala, i. e. from the beginning to the end, H.: Nec gemino bellum Troianum orditur ab ovo (alluding to the mythical story of the eggs of Leda), H.: ovo prognatus eodem, i. e. of the same mother, H.: ova ad notas curriculis numerandus (wooden eggs used in the circus as counters, one being removed after each circuit made), L.     pēius and sup. pessimē    [see malus], badly, wrongly, ill, wretchedly: homines male vestiti: animo malest? are you vexed? T.: hoc male habet virum, vexes, T.: L. Antonio male sit, ill betide: audire, be ill-spoken of.—Badly, wickedly, cruelly, maliciously, hurtfully, injuriously: quod mihi re male feceris, T.: male agendi causā: loqui: pessume istuc in illum consulis, T.: Carthagini male iam diu cogitanti bellum denuntio: agmen adversariorum male habere, harass, Cs.— Badly, awkwardly, unskilfully, unsuccessfully, unfortunately, ruinously: male gerendo negotio: res suae male gestae: pugnare, S.: Nec vixit male, qui, etc., failed in life, H.: quae res tibi vortat male, turn out ill, T.: vendendum, too cheap: empta, too dear: cui male si palpere, awkwardly, H.: defendit pampinus uvas, to no purpose, V.: salsus, impertinently, H.: sedula nutrix, unseasonably, O.— Badly, excessively, extremely, greatly, very much: male metuo, ne, etc., <*>.: quo neminem peius oderunt: cane peius Vitabit chlamydem, H.: rauci, miserably, H.: dispar, sadly, H.— Badly, imperfectly, scarcely, not at all: (domum) male tuetur: sanus, deranged: pārens asellus, refractory, H.: male numen amicum, hostile, V.: statio male fida carinis, unsafe, V.: plenae legiunculae, L.: male viva caro est, O.
    * * *

    Latin-English dictionary > ōvum

  • 7 A

    1.
    A, a, indecl. n. (sometimes joined with littera), the first letter of the Latin alphabet, corresponding to the a, a of the other Indo-. European languages:

    A primum est: hinc incipiam, et quae nomina ab hoc sunt, Lucil. ap. Terent. Scaur. p. 2255 P.: sus rostro si humi A litteram impresserit,

    Cic. Div. 1, 13, 23:

    ne in A quidem atque S litteras exire temere masculina Graeca nomina recto casu patiebantur,

    Quint. 1, 5, 61.
    II.
    The sound of the A is short or long in every part of the word; as, ăb, păter, ită; ā, māter, frustrā. During a short period (between about 620 and 670 A. U. C. = from 134 to 84 B.C.) long a was written aa, probably first by the poet L. Attius, in the manner of the Oscan language; so we find in Latin inscriptions: AA. CETEREIS (i.e.a ceteris), CALAASI, FAATO, HAACE, MAARCIVM, PAAPVS, PAASTORES, VAARVS; and in Greek writing, MAAPKOPs PsIOS MAAPKEAAOS, KOINTON MAAPKION (like Osc. aasas = Lat. āra, Osc. Paapi = Lat. Pāpius, Osc. Paakul = Lat. Pāculus, Pācullus, Pācuvius, etc.), v. Ritschl, Monum. Epigr. p. 28 sq., and cf. Mommsen, Unterital. Dialekte, p. 210 sq. (The Umbrian language has gone a step farther, and written long a by aha, as Aharna, Naharcom, trahaf, etc.; cf. Aufrecht and Kirchhoff, Umbrische Sprachdenkm. p. 76 sq.) Vid. also the letters E and U.
    III.
    In etymological and grammatical formation of words, short a very often (sometimes also long a) is changed into other vowels.
    A.
    Short a is changed,
    1.
    , into long a —
    a.
    In consequence of the suppression of the following consonants at the end or in the middle of the word: ŭb, ā; vădis, vūs; ăg-, ăg-men, exāmen; tăg-, contūmino; căd-, cāsus. Hence also in the abl. sing. of the first decl., and in the particles derived from it. in consequence of the suppression of the original ablat. end. - d: PRAEDAD (Col. Rostr.), praedā; SENTENTIAD (S. C. de Bacch.), sententiā; EXTBAD (ib.), extrā; SVPRAD (ib.), suprā. —Hence,
    b.
    In perfect forms: scăb-o, scābi; căveo, cūvi; făv-eo, fāvi; păv-eo, pāvi (for scăbui, căvui, făvui, păvui).
    c.
    In other forms: ăgo, ambūges; păc-, păc-iscor, pâcis (pâx); săg-ax, sūgus, sāga; măc-er, mâcero; făg- (phagein), fūgus. (Contrary to analogy, ă remains short in dănunt, from dă-in-unt, V. Ritschl, l.l.p. 17.)
    2.
    Short a is changed into é or ē—
    a.
    Into é.
    (α).
    Most frequently in the second part of compounds, particularly before two consonants: facio, confectus; jacio, conjectus; rapio, dereptus; dăm-, damno, condemno; fāl-, fallo, fefelli; măn-, mando, commendo; scando, ascendo; ăp-, aptus, ineptus; ăr-, ars, iners, sollers; ăn-, annus, perennis; căpio, auceps; căput, triceps; ăgo, remex; jăcio, objex. And thus in Plautus, according to the best MSS., dispenno, dispessus from pando, compectus from compăciscor, anteceptus from capio (on the other hand, in Vergil, according to the best MS., aspurgo, attractare, deiractare, kept their a unchanged).
    (β).
    Sometimes ă is changed into ĕ also before one consonant (but in this case it is usually changed into ĭ; v. infra, 3. a. a.): grădior, ingrĕdior; pătior, perpĕtior; părio, repĕrio; păro, vitupĕro; ăp-, coepi (i. e. co-ŭpi); căno, tubicĕn, tibicĕn; in the reduplicated carcĕr (from carcar) farfŏrus (written also farfārus); and so, according to the better MSS., aequipĕro from păro, and defĕtigo from fătigo.
    (γ).
    In words taken from the Greek: talanton, talŏntum; phalara, phalŏrae; sisaron, sisŏr (but, according to the best MSS., cumŭra from kamara, not camŏra).
    b.
    Short a is changed to ē in some perfect forms: ăgo, ēgi; fūcio, féci; jăci, jĕci; frag-, frango, frēgi; căpio, cēpi, and păg-, pango, pēgi (together with pepĭgi and panxi, v. pango).
    3.
    Short a is changed to ĭ, a (most frequently in the second part of compounds)
    (α).
    before one consonant: ăgo, abĭgo; făcio, confĭcio; cădo, concĭdo; sălio, assĭlio; răpio, abrĭpio; păter, Juppĭter (in Umbrian lang. unchanged, Jupater), Marspĭter; Diespĭter, Opĭter; rătus, irrĭtus; ămicus, inìmicus (but ŭ remains unchanged in adŭmo, impătiens, and in some compounds of a later period of Roman literature, as praejacio, calefacio, etc.). —
    (β).
    Sometimes also before two consonants (where it is usually changed into ĕ; v. supra, 2. a. b.): tăg-, tango, contingo; păg-, pango, compingo (unchanged in some compounds, as peragro, desacro, depango, obcanto, etc.).
    b.
    ă is changed into ĭ in the reduplicated perfect forms: cădo, cecĭdi; căno, cecĭni; tăg-, tango, tetĭgi; păg-, pango, pepĭgi.
    c.
    Likewise in some roots which have ă: păg-, pignus; străg- (strangulo, strangô), stringo.
    d.
    In words taken from the Greek: mêchanê, machĭna; patanê, patĭna; bukanê, bucĭna; trutanê, trutĭna; balaneion, balĭneum; Katana, Catĭna (written also Catana); Akragas, Agrĭgentum.
    4.
    Short a is changed into short or long o.
    a.
    Into ŏ: scăbo, scobs; păr, pars, portio; dăm-, dŏmo; Fabii, Fŏvii (v. Paul. ex Fest. p. 87); marmaron, marmŏr; Mars, redupl. Marmar, Marmor (Carm. Fratr. Arv.).
    b.
    Into ō: dă-, dōnum, dōs; ăc-, ăcuo, ōcior (v. this art.).
    5.
    Short a is changed into ŭ —
    a.
    In the second part of compounds, particularly before l, p, and b: calco, inculco; salsus, insulsus; salto, exsulto; capio, occŭpo; răpio, surrupio and surruptus (also written surripio and surreptus); tăberna, contŭbernium; —before other consonants: quătio, conoŭtio; as, decussis; Mars, Mamŭrius, Mamŭralia; and once also condumnari (Tab. Bant. lin. 8, immediately followed by condemnatus, v. Klenze, Philol. Abhandl. tab. I., and Mommsen, Unterital. Dial. p. 149).
    b.
    In words of Greek origin: Hekabê, Hecŭba; skutalê, scutŭla; kraipalê, crapŭla; passalos, pessŭlus; aphlaston, aplustre; thriambos, triumphus.
    c.
    ă is perhaps changed into ŭ in ulciscor, compared with alc-, ulexô (arc-, arceo).
    B.
    Long a is sometimes changed into ē or ō.
    1.
    Into é: hālo, anhélo; fās-, féstus, profēstus; nām, némpe.
    2.
    Into ō: gnā-, gnārus, ignārus, ignōro. (But in general long a remains unchanged in composition: lābor, delūbor; gnàvus, ignūnus; fàma, infūmis.)
    IV.
    Contrary to the mode of changing Greek a into Latin e, i, o, u (v. supra), Latin a has sometimes taken the place of other Greek vowels in words borrowed from the Greek, as: lonchê, lancea; kulix, călix; Ganumêoês, Caiāmitus.
    V.
    The repugnance of the Latin Language to the Greek combined vowels ao has caused the translocation of them in Alumento for Daomeoôn (Paul. ex Fest. p. 18 Müll.).— Greek a is suppressed in Hercules from Hêraklês (probably in consequence of the inserted u; in late Latin we find Heracla and Heracula, cf. Ritschl, in Rhein. Mus. Neue Folge, vol. 12, p. 108).
    VI.
    Latin ă was early combined with the vowels i and u, forming the diphthongs ai and au; by changing the i into e, the diphthong ai soon became ae. So we find in the oldest inscriptions: AIDE, AIDLLIS, AIQVOM, GNAIVOD, HAICE, DVELONAI, TABELAI, DATAI, etc., which soon gave place to aedem, aedilis, aequom, Gnaeo, haec, Bellonae, tabellae, datae, etc. (the Col. Rostr. has PRAESENTE, PRAEDAD, and the S. C. de Bacch. AEDEM. The triphthong aei, found in CONQVAEISIVEI (?), is very rare; Miliar. Popil. lin. 11, v. Ritschl, l. l. p. 21). In some poets the old gen. sing. of the first decl. (- ai) is preserved, but is dissyllabic, āī. So in Ennius: Albūī Longūī, terrūī frugiferāī, frondosāī, lunāī, viāī; in Vergil: aulāī, aurāī, aquāī, pictāī; in Ausonius: herāī.
    B.
    ue as well as au are changed into other vowels.
    1.
    The sound of ae, e, and oe being very similar, these vowels are often interchanged in the best MSS., So we find caerimonia and cerimonia, caepa and cēpa, saeoulum and séculum; scaena and scēna; caelum and coelum, haedus and hoedus, macstus and moestus; cena, coena, and caena, etc.
    2.
    In composition and reduplications ae becomes í: aequus, iníquus; quaero, inquíro; laedo, illído; taedet, pertisum (noticed by Cic.); aestumo, exístumo; cuedo, cecídi, concído, homicida.
    3.
    ae is also changed into í in a Latinized word of Greek origin: Achaios (AchaiWos), Achíous.
    4.
    The diphthong au is often changed to ó and ú (the latter particularly in compounds): caudex, códex; Claudius, Clodius; lautus, lotus; plaustrum, plōstrum; plaudo, plōdo, explōdo; paululum, pōlulum; faux, suffōco; si audes (acc. to Cic. or acc. to others, si audies), sódes, etc.; claudo, inclūdo; causa, accūso. Hence in some words a regular gradation of au, o, u is found: claudo, clōdicare, clúdo; raudus, ródus, rúdus; caupo, cópa, cūpa; naugae, nōgae (both forms in the MSS. of Plautus), nūgae; fraustra, frode, frude (in MSS. of Vergil); cf. Ritschl, in Wintercatalog 1854-55, and O. Ribbeck, in Jahn's Neue Jahrb. vol. 77, p. 181 sq.—The change of au into oē and ō appears only in audio, (oboedio) obēdio.
    5.
    Au sometimes takes the place of av-: faveo, fautum, favitor, fautor; navis, navita, nauta; avis, auceps, auspex. So Latin aut corresponds to Sanscr. avo. (whence - vā, Lat. - ve), Osc. avti, Umbr. ute, ote; and so the Lat. preposition ab, through av, becomes au in the words aufero and aufugio (prop. av-fero, av-fugio, for ab-fero, ab-fugio). Vid. the art. ab init.
    VII.
    In primitive roots, which have their kindred forms in the sister-languages of the Latin, the original a, still found in the Sanscrit, is in Latin either preserved or more frequently changed into other vowels.
    A.
    Original a preserved: Sanscr. mātri, Lat. màter; S. bhrātri, L. fràter; S. nāsā, L. nàsus and nàris; S. ap, L. aqua; S. apa, L. ab; S. nāma, L. năm; S. ćatur, [p. 2] L. quattuor (in Greek changed: thettares); S. capūla, L. căput (in Greek changed: kephalê, etc.).
    B.
    Original a is changed into other Latin vowels—
    1.
    Into e: S. ad, L. ed (ĕdo); S. as, L. es (esse); S. pat, L. pet (peto); S. pād, L. pĕd (pès); S. dant, L. dent (dens); S. ǵan, L. gen (gigno); S. mā, L. mè-tior; S. saptan, L. septem; S. daśan, L. decem; S. śata, L. centum; S. aham, L. ŏgo; S. pāra, L. per; S. paśu, L. pŏcus; S. asva, L. ŏquus, etc.
    2.
    Into i: S. an-, a- (neg. part.), L. in-: S. ana (prep.), L. in; S. antar, L. inter; S. sama, L. similis; S. agni, L. ignis; S. abhra, L. imber; S. panéa, L. quinque, etc.
    3.
    Into o: S. avi, L. ŏvi (ovis); S. vać, L. vōc (voco); S. pra, L. pro; S. pā, L. po (pŏtum); S. nāma, L. nōmen; S. api, L. ŏb; S. navan, L. nŏvem; S. nava, L. nŏvus, etc.
    4.
    Into u: S. marmara, L. murmur.
    5.
    Into ai, ae: S. prati, L. (prai) prae; S. śaśpa, L. caespes.
    6.
    Into different vowels in the different derivatives: S. mā, L. mê-tior, mŏdus; S. praó, L. prŏcor, prŏcus; S. vah, L. vĕho, via.
    C.
    Sometimes the Latin has preserved the original a, while even the Sanscrit has changed it: Lat. pa-, pater, Sanscr. pd, pitri.
    2.
    As an abbreviation A. usually denotes the praenomen Aulus; A. A. = Auli duo, Inscr. Orell. 1530 (but A. A. = Aquae Aponi, the modern Abano, ib. 1643 sq.; 2620; 3011). The three directors of the mint were designated by III. VIRI A. A. A. F. F. (i. e. auro, argento, aeri flando, feriundo), ib. 569; 2242; 2379; 3134 al.;

    so also A. A. A.,

    ib. 3441 (cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 13 fin., and v. the art. Triumviri); A. D. A. agris dandis adsignandis, and A. I. A. agris judicandis adsignandis; A. O. amico optimo; A. P. a populo or aediliciae potestatis; A. P. R. aerario populi Romani. —Upon the voting tablets in judicial trials A. denoted absoluo; hence A. is called littera salutaris, Cic. Mil. 6, 15; v. littera. In the Roman Comitia A. (= antiquo) denoted the rejection of the point in question; v. antiquo. In Cicero's Tusculan Disputations the A. designated one of the disputants = adulescens or auditor, opp. to M. for magister or Marcus (Cicero); but it is to be remarked that the letters A and M do not occur in the best MSS. of this treatise; cf. edd. ad Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 9.—In dates A. D. = ante diem; v. ante; A. U. C. = anno urbis conditae; A. P. R. C. anno post Romam conditam.
    3.
    a, prep.=ab, v. ab.
    4.
    ā, interj.=ah, v. ah.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > A

  • 8 a

    1.
    A, a, indecl. n. (sometimes joined with littera), the first letter of the Latin alphabet, corresponding to the a, a of the other Indo-. European languages:

    A primum est: hinc incipiam, et quae nomina ab hoc sunt, Lucil. ap. Terent. Scaur. p. 2255 P.: sus rostro si humi A litteram impresserit,

    Cic. Div. 1, 13, 23:

    ne in A quidem atque S litteras exire temere masculina Graeca nomina recto casu patiebantur,

    Quint. 1, 5, 61.
    II.
    The sound of the A is short or long in every part of the word; as, ăb, păter, ită; ā, māter, frustrā. During a short period (between about 620 and 670 A. U. C. = from 134 to 84 B.C.) long a was written aa, probably first by the poet L. Attius, in the manner of the Oscan language; so we find in Latin inscriptions: AA. CETEREIS (i.e.a ceteris), CALAASI, FAATO, HAACE, MAARCIVM, PAAPVS, PAASTORES, VAARVS; and in Greek writing, MAAPKOPs PsIOS MAAPKEAAOS, KOINTON MAAPKION (like Osc. aasas = Lat. āra, Osc. Paapi = Lat. Pāpius, Osc. Paakul = Lat. Pāculus, Pācullus, Pācuvius, etc.), v. Ritschl, Monum. Epigr. p. 28 sq., and cf. Mommsen, Unterital. Dialekte, p. 210 sq. (The Umbrian language has gone a step farther, and written long a by aha, as Aharna, Naharcom, trahaf, etc.; cf. Aufrecht and Kirchhoff, Umbrische Sprachdenkm. p. 76 sq.) Vid. also the letters E and U.
    III.
    In etymological and grammatical formation of words, short a very often (sometimes also long a) is changed into other vowels.
    A.
    Short a is changed,
    1.
    , into long a —
    a.
    In consequence of the suppression of the following consonants at the end or in the middle of the word: ŭb, ā; vădis, vūs; ăg-, ăg-men, exāmen; tăg-, contūmino; căd-, cāsus. Hence also in the abl. sing. of the first decl., and in the particles derived from it. in consequence of the suppression of the original ablat. end. - d: PRAEDAD (Col. Rostr.), praedā; SENTENTIAD (S. C. de Bacch.), sententiā; EXTBAD (ib.), extrā; SVPRAD (ib.), suprā. —Hence,
    b.
    In perfect forms: scăb-o, scābi; căveo, cūvi; făv-eo, fāvi; păv-eo, pāvi (for scăbui, căvui, făvui, păvui).
    c.
    In other forms: ăgo, ambūges; păc-, păc-iscor, pâcis (pâx); săg-ax, sūgus, sāga; măc-er, mâcero; făg- (phagein), fūgus. (Contrary to analogy, ă remains short in dănunt, from dă-in-unt, V. Ritschl, l.l.p. 17.)
    2.
    Short a is changed into é or ē—
    a.
    Into é.
    (α).
    Most frequently in the second part of compounds, particularly before two consonants: facio, confectus; jacio, conjectus; rapio, dereptus; dăm-, damno, condemno; fāl-, fallo, fefelli; măn-, mando, commendo; scando, ascendo; ăp-, aptus, ineptus; ăr-, ars, iners, sollers; ăn-, annus, perennis; căpio, auceps; căput, triceps; ăgo, remex; jăcio, objex. And thus in Plautus, according to the best MSS., dispenno, dispessus from pando, compectus from compăciscor, anteceptus from capio (on the other hand, in Vergil, according to the best MS., aspurgo, attractare, deiractare, kept their a unchanged).
    (β).
    Sometimes ă is changed into ĕ also before one consonant (but in this case it is usually changed into ĭ; v. infra, 3. a. a.): grădior, ingrĕdior; pătior, perpĕtior; părio, repĕrio; păro, vitupĕro; ăp-, coepi (i. e. co-ŭpi); căno, tubicĕn, tibicĕn; in the reduplicated carcĕr (from carcar) farfŏrus (written also farfārus); and so, according to the better MSS., aequipĕro from păro, and defĕtigo from fătigo.
    (γ).
    In words taken from the Greek: talanton, talŏntum; phalara, phalŏrae; sisaron, sisŏr (but, according to the best MSS., cumŭra from kamara, not camŏra).
    b.
    Short a is changed to ē in some perfect forms: ăgo, ēgi; fūcio, féci; jăci, jĕci; frag-, frango, frēgi; căpio, cēpi, and păg-, pango, pēgi (together with pepĭgi and panxi, v. pango).
    3.
    Short a is changed to ĭ, a (most frequently in the second part of compounds)
    (α).
    before one consonant: ăgo, abĭgo; făcio, confĭcio; cădo, concĭdo; sălio, assĭlio; răpio, abrĭpio; păter, Juppĭter (in Umbrian lang. unchanged, Jupater), Marspĭter; Diespĭter, Opĭter; rătus, irrĭtus; ămicus, inìmicus (but ŭ remains unchanged in adŭmo, impătiens, and in some compounds of a later period of Roman literature, as praejacio, calefacio, etc.). —
    (β).
    Sometimes also before two consonants (where it is usually changed into ĕ; v. supra, 2. a. b.): tăg-, tango, contingo; păg-, pango, compingo (unchanged in some compounds, as peragro, desacro, depango, obcanto, etc.).
    b.
    ă is changed into ĭ in the reduplicated perfect forms: cădo, cecĭdi; căno, cecĭni; tăg-, tango, tetĭgi; păg-, pango, pepĭgi.
    c.
    Likewise in some roots which have ă: păg-, pignus; străg- (strangulo, strangô), stringo.
    d.
    In words taken from the Greek: mêchanê, machĭna; patanê, patĭna; bukanê, bucĭna; trutanê, trutĭna; balaneion, balĭneum; Katana, Catĭna (written also Catana); Akragas, Agrĭgentum.
    4.
    Short a is changed into short or long o.
    a.
    Into ŏ: scăbo, scobs; păr, pars, portio; dăm-, dŏmo; Fabii, Fŏvii (v. Paul. ex Fest. p. 87); marmaron, marmŏr; Mars, redupl. Marmar, Marmor (Carm. Fratr. Arv.).
    b.
    Into ō: dă-, dōnum, dōs; ăc-, ăcuo, ōcior (v. this art.).
    5.
    Short a is changed into ŭ —
    a.
    In the second part of compounds, particularly before l, p, and b: calco, inculco; salsus, insulsus; salto, exsulto; capio, occŭpo; răpio, surrupio and surruptus (also written surripio and surreptus); tăberna, contŭbernium; —before other consonants: quătio, conoŭtio; as, decussis; Mars, Mamŭrius, Mamŭralia; and once also condumnari (Tab. Bant. lin. 8, immediately followed by condemnatus, v. Klenze, Philol. Abhandl. tab. I., and Mommsen, Unterital. Dial. p. 149).
    b.
    In words of Greek origin: Hekabê, Hecŭba; skutalê, scutŭla; kraipalê, crapŭla; passalos, pessŭlus; aphlaston, aplustre; thriambos, triumphus.
    c.
    ă is perhaps changed into ŭ in ulciscor, compared with alc-, ulexô (arc-, arceo).
    B.
    Long a is sometimes changed into ē or ō.
    1.
    Into é: hālo, anhélo; fās-, féstus, profēstus; nām, némpe.
    2.
    Into ō: gnā-, gnārus, ignārus, ignōro. (But in general long a remains unchanged in composition: lābor, delūbor; gnàvus, ignūnus; fàma, infūmis.)
    IV.
    Contrary to the mode of changing Greek a into Latin e, i, o, u (v. supra), Latin a has sometimes taken the place of other Greek vowels in words borrowed from the Greek, as: lonchê, lancea; kulix, călix; Ganumêoês, Caiāmitus.
    V.
    The repugnance of the Latin Language to the Greek combined vowels ao has caused the translocation of them in Alumento for Daomeoôn (Paul. ex Fest. p. 18 Müll.).— Greek a is suppressed in Hercules from Hêraklês (probably in consequence of the inserted u; in late Latin we find Heracla and Heracula, cf. Ritschl, in Rhein. Mus. Neue Folge, vol. 12, p. 108).
    VI.
    Latin ă was early combined with the vowels i and u, forming the diphthongs ai and au; by changing the i into e, the diphthong ai soon became ae. So we find in the oldest inscriptions: AIDE, AIDLLIS, AIQVOM, GNAIVOD, HAICE, DVELONAI, TABELAI, DATAI, etc., which soon gave place to aedem, aedilis, aequom, Gnaeo, haec, Bellonae, tabellae, datae, etc. (the Col. Rostr. has PRAESENTE, PRAEDAD, and the S. C. de Bacch. AEDEM. The triphthong aei, found in CONQVAEISIVEI (?), is very rare; Miliar. Popil. lin. 11, v. Ritschl, l. l. p. 21). In some poets the old gen. sing. of the first decl. (- ai) is preserved, but is dissyllabic, āī. So in Ennius: Albūī Longūī, terrūī frugiferāī, frondosāī, lunāī, viāī; in Vergil: aulāī, aurāī, aquāī, pictāī; in Ausonius: herāī.
    B.
    ue as well as au are changed into other vowels.
    1.
    The sound of ae, e, and oe being very similar, these vowels are often interchanged in the best MSS., So we find caerimonia and cerimonia, caepa and cēpa, saeoulum and séculum; scaena and scēna; caelum and coelum, haedus and hoedus, macstus and moestus; cena, coena, and caena, etc.
    2.
    In composition and reduplications ae becomes í: aequus, iníquus; quaero, inquíro; laedo, illído; taedet, pertisum (noticed by Cic.); aestumo, exístumo; cuedo, cecídi, concído, homicida.
    3.
    ae is also changed into í in a Latinized word of Greek origin: Achaios (AchaiWos), Achíous.
    4.
    The diphthong au is often changed to ó and ú (the latter particularly in compounds): caudex, códex; Claudius, Clodius; lautus, lotus; plaustrum, plōstrum; plaudo, plōdo, explōdo; paululum, pōlulum; faux, suffōco; si audes (acc. to Cic. or acc. to others, si audies), sódes, etc.; claudo, inclūdo; causa, accūso. Hence in some words a regular gradation of au, o, u is found: claudo, clōdicare, clúdo; raudus, ródus, rúdus; caupo, cópa, cūpa; naugae, nōgae (both forms in the MSS. of Plautus), nūgae; fraustra, frode, frude (in MSS. of Vergil); cf. Ritschl, in Wintercatalog 1854-55, and O. Ribbeck, in Jahn's Neue Jahrb. vol. 77, p. 181 sq.—The change of au into oē and ō appears only in audio, (oboedio) obēdio.
    5.
    Au sometimes takes the place of av-: faveo, fautum, favitor, fautor; navis, navita, nauta; avis, auceps, auspex. So Latin aut corresponds to Sanscr. avo. (whence - vā, Lat. - ve), Osc. avti, Umbr. ute, ote; and so the Lat. preposition ab, through av, becomes au in the words aufero and aufugio (prop. av-fero, av-fugio, for ab-fero, ab-fugio). Vid. the art. ab init.
    VII.
    In primitive roots, which have their kindred forms in the sister-languages of the Latin, the original a, still found in the Sanscrit, is in Latin either preserved or more frequently changed into other vowels.
    A.
    Original a preserved: Sanscr. mātri, Lat. màter; S. bhrātri, L. fràter; S. nāsā, L. nàsus and nàris; S. ap, L. aqua; S. apa, L. ab; S. nāma, L. năm; S. ćatur, [p. 2] L. quattuor (in Greek changed: thettares); S. capūla, L. căput (in Greek changed: kephalê, etc.).
    B.
    Original a is changed into other Latin vowels—
    1.
    Into e: S. ad, L. ed (ĕdo); S. as, L. es (esse); S. pat, L. pet (peto); S. pād, L. pĕd (pès); S. dant, L. dent (dens); S. ǵan, L. gen (gigno); S. mā, L. mè-tior; S. saptan, L. septem; S. daśan, L. decem; S. śata, L. centum; S. aham, L. ŏgo; S. pāra, L. per; S. paśu, L. pŏcus; S. asva, L. ŏquus, etc.
    2.
    Into i: S. an-, a- (neg. part.), L. in-: S. ana (prep.), L. in; S. antar, L. inter; S. sama, L. similis; S. agni, L. ignis; S. abhra, L. imber; S. panéa, L. quinque, etc.
    3.
    Into o: S. avi, L. ŏvi (ovis); S. vać, L. vōc (voco); S. pra, L. pro; S. pā, L. po (pŏtum); S. nāma, L. nōmen; S. api, L. ŏb; S. navan, L. nŏvem; S. nava, L. nŏvus, etc.
    4.
    Into u: S. marmara, L. murmur.
    5.
    Into ai, ae: S. prati, L. (prai) prae; S. śaśpa, L. caespes.
    6.
    Into different vowels in the different derivatives: S. mā, L. mê-tior, mŏdus; S. praó, L. prŏcor, prŏcus; S. vah, L. vĕho, via.
    C.
    Sometimes the Latin has preserved the original a, while even the Sanscrit has changed it: Lat. pa-, pater, Sanscr. pd, pitri.
    2.
    As an abbreviation A. usually denotes the praenomen Aulus; A. A. = Auli duo, Inscr. Orell. 1530 (but A. A. = Aquae Aponi, the modern Abano, ib. 1643 sq.; 2620; 3011). The three directors of the mint were designated by III. VIRI A. A. A. F. F. (i. e. auro, argento, aeri flando, feriundo), ib. 569; 2242; 2379; 3134 al.;

    so also A. A. A.,

    ib. 3441 (cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 13 fin., and v. the art. Triumviri); A. D. A. agris dandis adsignandis, and A. I. A. agris judicandis adsignandis; A. O. amico optimo; A. P. a populo or aediliciae potestatis; A. P. R. aerario populi Romani. —Upon the voting tablets in judicial trials A. denoted absoluo; hence A. is called littera salutaris, Cic. Mil. 6, 15; v. littera. In the Roman Comitia A. (= antiquo) denoted the rejection of the point in question; v. antiquo. In Cicero's Tusculan Disputations the A. designated one of the disputants = adulescens or auditor, opp. to M. for magister or Marcus (Cicero); but it is to be remarked that the letters A and M do not occur in the best MSS. of this treatise; cf. edd. ad Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 9.—In dates A. D. = ante diem; v. ante; A. U. C. = anno urbis conditae; A. P. R. C. anno post Romam conditam.
    3.
    a, prep.=ab, v. ab.
    4.
    ā, interj.=ah, v. ah.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > a

  • 9 albamentum

    albāmentum, i, n. [albus], the white of the egg = albor:

    ovi,

    Apic. 5, 3; id. 6, 9.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > albamentum

  • 10 albor

    albor, ōris, m. [albus].
    I.
    Whiteness, white color (eccl. Lat.):

    si (caro) versa fuerit in alborem,

    Vulg. Lev. 13, 16; 13, 25; 13, 29.—
    II.
    The white of an egg, = albamentum (post-class.):

    ovorum,

    Pall. 11, 14, 9; Apic. 1, 6:

    ovi,

    Scrib. Comp. 24.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > albor

  • 11 albumen

    albūmen, ĭnis, n. [albus], the white of an egg, albumen:

    ovi,

    Plin. 28, 6, 18, § 66.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > albumen

  • 12 albumentum

    albūmentum, i, n. [id.], the white of an egg:

    ovi,

    Veg. Vet. 2, 57.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > albumentum

  • 13 albus

    albus, a, um, adj. [cf. Umbr. alfu and Sab. alpus = white; alphos = white rash; O. H. Germ. Elbiz = a swan; to this have been referred also Alba Longa, Albunea, Alpes from their snowy summits (Paul. ex Fest. p. 4 Müll.), Albion from its chalky cliffs, Alpheios, and Albis = Elbe], white (properly dead white, not shining; e. g. hair, complexion, garments, etc., opp. ater, black that is without lustre; while candidus denotes a glistening, dazzling white, opp. niger, shining black.—Hence, trop., albus and ater, a symbol of good or ill fortune; on the other hand, candidus and niger of moral worth or unworthiness; cf. Doed. Syn. III. 193 sq.—So Serv. ad Verg. G. 3, 82: aliud est candidum, i. e. quādam nitenti luce perfusum esse; aliud album, quod pallori constat esse vicinum; cf. Verg. E. 7, 38: Candidior cycnis, hederā formosior albā, with id. ib. 3, 39: diffusos hederā vestit pallente corymbos; but this distinction is freq. disregarded by the poets).
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen.:

    barba,

    Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 15:

    corpus,

    id. Capt. 3, 4, 115:

    color albus praecipue decorus deo est, maxime in textili,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 18, 45: albus calculus, the small white stone used in voting, as a sign of acceding to the opinion of any one, or of the acquittal of one who is under accusation (opp. ater calculus;

    v. calculus).— Hence, trop.: alicui rei album calculum adicere,

    to allow, approve of, authorize, Plin. Ep. 1, 2, 5.—In Enn. an epithet of the sun and moon: sol, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48, 107 (Ann. v. 92 Vahl.): jubar Hyperionis, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 658 P. (Ann. v. 547 ib.).—The following are examples of the opposition of albus and niger (instead of ater) as exceptions to the gen. rule; so always in Lucr. (who also uses albus and candidus or candens promiscuously), 2, 810; 822 sqq.; 731 sq.; 790; 767-771. Once in Cic.: quae alba sint, quae nigra dicere, Div. 2, 3; so Phaedr. 3, 15, 10; Ov. M. 2, 541; cf. with id. ib. 2, 534 and 535; also id. ib. 12, 403; 15, 46; id. H. 15, 37 al.:

    albi et nigri velleris,

    Vulg. Gen. 30, 35:

    non potes unum capillum album facere aut nigrum,

    ib. Matt. 5, 36.—
    B.
    Esp.
    1.
    Pale, from sickness, terror, care, and the like:

    aquosus albo Corpore languor, of dropsical persons,

    Hor. C. 2, 2, 15:

    pallor,

    id. Epod. 7, 15:

    vivat et urbanis albus in officiis,

    pale from the cares of his public office, Mart. 1, 56 fin. et saep. —
    2.
    Of clothing, white: alba decent Cererem;

    vestes Cerealibus albas Sumite,

    Ov. F. 4, 619:

    vidit duos Angelos in albis,

    Vulg. Joan. 20, 12; ib. Apoc. 3, 4.—Hence, poet. transf. to the person, clothed in white, Hor. S. 1, 2, 36: pedibus qui venerat albis, who had come with white feet, i. e. marked with chalk, as for sale, Juv. 1, 111 (cf. gypsatus and also Plin. 35, 17, 58, §§ 199-201; Mayor ad 1. 1.).—
    3.
    Prov. phrases.
    a.
    Dentibus albis deridere, to deride one by laughing so as to show the teeth, for to deride much, Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 48 (cf. id. Capt. 3, 1, 26).—
    b.
    Albus an ater sit, nescio or non curo, I know not, care not whether he is white or black, i. e. he is entirely indifferent to me:

    vide, quam te amārit is, qui albus aterve fueris ignorans, fratris filium praeteriit,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 16:

    unde illa scivit, ater an albus nascerer,

    Phaedr. 3, 15, 10; Cat. 93, 2; cf. Quint. 11, 1, 38.—
    c.
    Albo rete aliquid oppugnare, to attack or seize upon something with a white net, i. e. in a delicate, skilful manner:

    qui hic albo rete aliena oppugnant bona,

    Plaut. Pers. 1, 2, 22 (so the passage seems to be more simply explained than acc. to the opinion of Gron.: qui albo (by the register of the prætor) tamquam rete, which omission of the tamquam is a Horatian, but not a Plautinian idiom). —
    d.
    Albā lineā aliquid signare, to make a white line upon a white ground, i. e. to make no distinction: et amabat omnes, nam ut discrimen non facit... signat linea alba, Lucil. ap. Non. 282, 28 (where the common editions have neque before signare, which gives the expression a directly opposite sense): albā, ut dicitur, lineā sine curā discriminis convertebant, Gell. praef. 11.—
    * e.
    Alba avis, a white sparrow, for something rare, uncommon, strange:

    quasi avem albam videntur bene sentientem civem videre,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 28 (quasi novum quiddam; proverbium ex eo natum, quia rarae aves albae, Manut. ad h. 1.).—
    * f.
    Filius albae gallinae, fortune's favorite child, Juv. 13, 141, prob. an allusion to the miracle that happened to Livia in regard to a white hen, v. Plin. 15, 30, 40; Suet. Galb. 1 (Ruperti ad h. 1, refers this expression to the unfruitfulness of a white hen, and conpares Col. R. R. 8, 2, 7).—
    * g.
    Equis albis praecurrere aliquem, to excel, surpass one, Hor. S. 1, 7, 8 (the figure being drawn from the white horses attached to a triumphal chariot; cf. Suet. Ner. 25; id. Dom. 2).—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    Favorable, fortunate, propitious:

    simul alba nautis Stella refulsit,

    i. e. the twin-star Castor, favorable to sailors, Hor. C. 1, 12, 27:

    dies,

    Sil. 15, 53:

    sint omnia protinus alba,

    Pers. 1, 110.—
    B.
    Poet. and act., of the wind, making clear or bright, dispersing the clouds; hence, dry:

    Notus,

    Hor. C. 1, 7, 15 (as a transl. of the Gr. leukonotos):

    iapyx,

    id. ib. 3, 27, 19 (cf.:

    clarus aquilo,

    Verg. G. 1, 460).—Whence,
    III.
    album, i, n., whiteness.
    A.
    White color, white:

    maculis insignis et albo,

    Verg. G. 3, 56;

    sparsis pellibus albo,

    id. E. 2, 41:

    columnas polire albo,

    to make white, whiten, Liv. 40, 51.—Hence,
    2.
    Esp.,
    a.
    The white of the eye:

    oculorum,

    Cels. 2, 6; so id. 7, 7, n. 6 and 12.—
    b.
    The white of an egg:

    ovi,

    Cels. 6, 6, n. 7.—
    c.
    In Col. 6, 17, 7, a white spot on the eye, i. e. a disease of it, = albugo.—
    B.
    In the lang. of polit. life, a white tablet, on which any thing is inscribed (like leukôma in Gr.).
    1.
    The tablets on which the Pontifex Maximus registered the principal events of the year, the Annales maximi (v. annales): in album referre, to enter or record in, Cic. de Or. 2, 12, 52; Liv. 1, 32, 2.—
    2.
    The tablets of the prœtor, on which his edicts were written, and which were posted up in some public place, Paul. Sent. l. 1, t. 14.—Hence, sedere ad album, to be employed with the edicts of the prœtor, Sen. Ep. 48:

    se ad album transferre,

    Quint. 12, 3, 11 Spald.—
    3.
    Esp., a list of names, a register, e. g. Album senatorium, the tablet on which the names of the senators were enrolled, the roll, register, which, by the order of Augustus, was to be posted up annually in the senate-house, Diom. 55, 3, and Fragm. 137:

    aliquem albo senatorio eradere,

    Tac. A. 4, 42 fin. —Also, the list of the judges chosen by the quœstors:

    aliquem albo judicum eradere,

    Suet. Claud. 16; so id. Dom. 8.—And transf. to other catalogues of names:

    citharoedorum,

    Suet. Ner. 21.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > albus

  • 14 cacumen

    căcūmen, ĭnis, n. [etym. dub.], the extreme end, extremity, or point of a thing; the peak, top, utmost point.
    I.
    Lit. (whether horizontal or perpendicular; while culmen is an extremity projecting in height; v. Doed. Syn.; in the poets freq.; in prose rare before the Aug. per.;

    not in Cic.): ut altis Arboribus vicina cacumina summa terantur Inter se,

    the extreme top, Lucr. 1, 898. —So of tree-tops:

    umbrosa cacumina,

    Verg. E. 2, 3:

    fracta,

    id. ib. 9, 9; 6, 28; id. G. 2, 29; 2, 307; Ov. M. 1, 346; 1, 552; 1, 567; 8, 257; 8, 716; 8, 756; 9, 389; 10, 140; 10, 193; 13, 833; 15, 396; Quint. 8, 3, 10; 1, 2, 26:

    arborum cacumina,

    Plin. 10, 53, 74, § 147:

    ficorum, pirorum, malorum,

    Col. 3, 21, 11:

    olivae,

    id. 5, 11, 14 and 15; 11, 3, 37; Pall. Jan. 15, 15; id. Febr. 25, 28; id. Mart. 10, 23; 10, 35; id. Apr. 4, 1; Veg. 4, 4, 9 al.:

    harundinis,

    Plin. 16, 36, 64, § 158.—Of grass, the points of the blades, Ov. Tr. 3, 12, 12:

    praeacutis (ramorum) cacuminibus,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 73; Lucr. 6, 459.— Of the summits, peaks of mountains, Liv. 7, 34, 4; Lucr. 6, 464; Cat. 64, 240; Verg. A. 3, 274; Hor. Epod. 16, 28; Ov. M. 1, 310; 1, 317; 1, 666; 6, 311; 8, 797; 7, 804; 9, 93; Luc. 7, 75, Plin. 3, 16, 20, § 117; 6, 7, 7, § 20 al.—Of other things:

    pilorum, Auct. B. Afr. 47: atomi,

    Lucr. 1, 600:

    cujusque rei,

    id. 1, 750:

    ovi,

    Plin. 10, 52, 74, § 145; 10. 54, 75, §

    151: metae,

    id. 36, 5, 4, § 31:

    pyramidis,

    id. 36, 12, 17, § 79:

    membrorum,

    id. 11, 37. 88, §

    219: ignis,

    Luc. 1, 551:

    incurvum, of the elephant's back,

    Sil. 9, 584.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    The end, limit: donec alescundi summum tetigere cacumen, until they have completely attained the limit of their growth, Lucr. 2, 1130:

    ad summum donec venere cacumen,

    to the height of perfection, id. 5, 1456: famae, Laber. ap. Macr. S. 2, 7.—
    B.
    As a gram. t. t., the mark of accent placed over a letter, Mart. Cap. 3, § 273.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > cacumen

  • 15 cortex

    cortex, ĭcis, m. and rar. f. (cf. Quint. 1, 5, 35) [Sanscr. kart, to cut, split; Gr. keirô; cf. culter], the bark, rind, shell, hull.
    I.
    Prop., of plants:

    obducuntur libro aut cortice trunci,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 120.
    A.
    In gen.
    (α).
    Masc., Varr. ap. Non. p. 199, 26; Verg. G. 2, 74; id. A. 7, 742; Ov. M. 1, 554; id. F. 2, 649; Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 226 al.; cf. infra.—
    (β).
    Fem., Lucr. 4, 48; Verg. E. 6, 63; Ov. M. 10, 512; 14, 630; Mart. 14, 209; Scrib. Comp. 60.—
    B.
    In partic., the bark of the cork-tree, cork, used for stoppers, Cato, R. R. 120; ( masc.) Hor. C. 3, 8, 10; in learning to swim;

    hence prov.: nare sine cortice,

    to need no more assistance, id. S. 1, 4, 120 —From its lightness is borrowed the phrase:

    tu levior cortice,

    Hor. C. 3, 9, 22; cf.:

    ut summā cortex levis innatet undā,

    Ov. Tr. 3, 4, 11.—
    II.
    Transf., of other shells than those of vegetables:

    ovi,

    Vitr. 8, 3.—
    B.
    Trop., the outward part, covering, i. e. the body: anima corporeum corticem reliquit, Varr. ap. Non. p. 199, 29.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > cortex

  • 16 defundo

    dē-fundo, fūdi, fūsum, 3, v. a., to pour [p. 533] down, pour out (in the ante-Aug. per. very rare; not in Cic. and Caes.).
    I.
    In gen.:

    aquam,

    Cato R. R. 156, 5:

    vinum (sc. ex dolio in amphoram),

    Hor. S. 2, 2, 58:

    late sanguinem,

    Sil. 5, 453 et saep.:

    ovi album in vas,

    Cels. 6, 6, 1; cf.:

    aliquid in fictilia labra,

    Col. 12, 50, 10 al. — Poet. transf.:

    fruges pleno cornu,

    pours forth, Hor. Ep. 1, 12, 29:

    verba pectore,

    Petr. 5, 22; cf.:

    voces pectore,

    id. 121, 102.—
    II.
    Esp., a religious t. t., to pour out, as a libation:

    te prosequitur mero Defuso pateris,

    Hor. Od. 4, 5, 34; so,

    libamenta Mercurio,

    Val. Max. 2, 6, 8.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > defundo

  • 17 diluo

    dī-lŭo, ŭi, ūtum, 3, v. a., to wash to pieces, wash away; to dissolve, dilute, cause to melt away; to wash, drench (freq. and class.).
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    Ingen.: ne aqua lateres diluere posset, * Caes. B. C. 2, 10, 6:

    sata laeta boumque labores,

    Verg. G. 1, 326; cf.: sanguine diluitur tellus, is soaked, Furius Antias ap. Gell. 18, 11, 4:

    unguenta lacrimis,

    Ov. P. 1, 9, 53:

    alvum helleboro,

    Gell. 17, 15, 4:

    vulnus cruris aceto,

    Petr. 136, 7; cf.:

    ulcus ovi albore,

    Scrib. Comp. 24:

    colorem,

    i. e. to wash out, weaken, Plin. 31, 7, 42, § 91; Ov. P. 4, 10, 62:

    amnes diluuntur,

    Plin. 31, 4, 29, § 52.—
    B.
    In partic., to dissolve any thing in a liquid, i. e. to temper, dilute, mix:

    absinthia,

    Lucr. 4, 224; 6, 930; cf.

    venenum,

    Liv. 40, 4 fin.:

    helleborum,

    Pers. 5, 100:

    vinum,

    i. e. to dilute with water, Mart. 1, 107; v. under P. a.:

    favos lacte et miti Baccho (i. e. vino),

    Verg. G. 1, 344; cf.:

    Hymettia mella Falerno,

    Hor. S. 2, 2, 16:

    insignem bacam aceto,

    id. ib. 2, 3, 241:

    medicamentum aceto,

    Cels. 5, 20; Scrib. Comp. 158; 261 al.:

    circaeam in vino,

    Plin. 27, 8, 38, § 60:

    rutam cum mero,

    Col. 6, 4, 2:

    medicamentum ex aqua,

    Scrib. Comp. 247 et saep.
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    To weaken, lessen, impair; to do away with, remove:

    adversariorum confirmatio diluitur aut infirmatur aut elevatur,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 42:

    res leves infirmare ac diluere (opp. confirmare),

    id. Rosc. Am. 15; Quint. 9, 2, 80:

    molestias omnes (c. c. extenuare),

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 16; cf.:

    curam multo mero,

    Ov. A. A. 238:

    seriorem horam mero,

    id. H. 19, 14:

    vitium ex animo (Bacchus),

    Prop. 3, 17, 6 (4, 16, 6 M.):

    crimen,

    Cic. Mil. 27; id. Brut. 80, 278; Liv. 4, 14; Quint. 7, 10, 12 (opp. obicere); 9, 2, 53 (c. c. negare) et saep.; cf. also Cic. Cael. 15; Liv. 45, 10; Quint. 4, 2, 26; Ov. R. Am. 695 et saep.:

    invidiam aliqua cavillatione,

    Suet. Vesp. 23:

    injurias aere pauco,

    to atone for, Gell. 20, 1, 31:

    omnes affectuum vires, Quint, 11, 1, 52: ejus auctoritatem,

    Sen. Ep. 29:

    memoriam tam praeclarae rei,

    Val. Max. 9, 2, 1.—
    * B.
    Analog. with its synon. dissolvere, to solve a difficulty, i. e. to explain:

    mi, quod rogavi, dilue,

    Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 64.—Hence,

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > diluo

  • 18 dimoveo

    dī-mŏvĕo, ōvi, ōtum (DISMOTUM, v. infra), 2, v. a. (in MSS. and edd. often confounded with demoveo, q. v.; not freq. before the Aug. per.; not in Caes. and Quint.; perh. not in Cic., where demovere appears everywhere to be the better reading).
    I.
    To move asunder, to part, put asunder, separate, divide:

    terram aratro,

    Verg. G. 2, 513; cf.:

    glebas aratro,

    Ov. M. 5, 341:

    aera (c. c. dispellere umbras),

    Verg. A. 5, 839; cf.

    auras,

    id. ib. 9, 645:

    cinerem foco,

    Ov. M. 8, 642:

    undas,

    Lucr. 6, 891; Ov. M. 4, 708; cf.

    aquas,

    id. H. 18, 80; 19, 48:

    rubum,

    Hor. C. 1, 23, 7.— Poet.:

    ubi sol radiis terram dimovit abortus (preceded by: ubi roriferis terram nox obruit umbris),

    cleaves the earth, lays it open, Lucr. 6, 869.—
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    Of a multitude of persons or things, to separate from each other, to scatter, disperse, drive away, dismiss:

    humentem umbram polo,

    Verg. A. 3, 589; 4, 7; cf.:

    gelidam umbram caelo,

    id. ib. 11, 210:

    obstantes propinquos,

    Hor. C. 3, 5, 51:

    turbam,

    Tac. H. 3, 31; 80; Suet. Galb. 19; cf.:

    dimotis omnibus,

    Tac. H. 2, 49; cf.: VTEI EA BACANALIA SEI QVA SVNT... DISMOTA SIENT, i. e. be dissolved, abolished, S. C. de Bacchan. fin. —
    2.
    To separate from something, to remove.
    a.
    Lit.:

    quos (equites) spes societatis a plebe dimoverat,

    Sall. J. 42, 1; Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 23:

    dimovit perfregitque custodias Poena,

    Plin. Pan. 49:

    parietes (al. demotis),

    Tac. A. 6, 24:

    plagulas (lecticae),

    Suet. Tit. 10 al. —
    b.
    Trop.: gaudentem patrios findere sarculo Numquam dimoveas, ut, etc., thou canst never entice away, in order to, etc., Hor. C. 1, 1, 13 (al. demo-).—
    II.
    To move to and fro, to put in motion (cf. dimitto, no. I.—so perh. only in Celsus):

    superiores partes,

    Cels. 3, 27, 3:

    manus,

    id. 2, 14 fin.:

    se inambulatione levi,

    id. 4, 24 al.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > dimoveo

  • 19 membrana

    membrāna, ae, f. [membrum], the skin or membrane that covers parts of the body (class.).
    I.
    Lit.:

    natura oculos membranis tenuissimis vestivit,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 142:

    cerebri,

    the membrane of the brain, meninges, Cels. 8, 4:

    membranis cicadae volant,

    Plin. 11, 28, 33, § 96:

    membranis volant fragilibus insecta,

    id. 11, 39, 94, § 228.—
    B.
    Esp., the skin or slough of snakes, Ov. M. 7, 272; Luc. 6, 679.—
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    The thin skin of plants and other things, Plin. 15, 22, 24, § 88:

    corio et membrana Punica (teguntur),

    id. 15, 28, 34, § 112:

    tenuissimis membranis velatur allium,

    id. 19, 6, 34, § 111:

    putaminis ovi,

    id. 29, 3, 11, § 46.—
    B.
    A skin prepared for writing, etc., parchment, Quint. 10, 3, 31:

    Homeri carmen in Membrana scriptum,

    Plin. 7, 21, 21, § 85: sic raro scribis, ut toto non quater anno Membranam poscas, Hor. S. 2, 3, 2:

    Parrhasiae, for drawing,

    Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 68:

    croceae membrana tabellae,

    Juv. 7, 23:

    quod in chartulis sive membranis meis aliquis scripserit, meum est,

    Gai. Inst. 2, 77.—
    C.
    The surface, outside of a thing ( poet.):

    coloris,

    Lucr. 4, 95.— Trop.:

    scies, sub ista tenui membrana dignitatis quantum mali jaceat,

    Sen. Ep. 115, 9.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > membrana

  • 20 ovis

    ŏvis, is (acc. ovim, Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 26; al. ovem; abl. ovi, acc. to Varr. L. L. 8, § 66 Müll.), f. (m., Varr. ap. Non. 216, 23:

    ovis mas,

    Varr. L. L. 5, 98; cf.:

    ovis semimas,

    Ov. F. 1, 588; cf. Fest. p. 195 Müll.) [kindr. with Sanscr. avi, ovis; Lith. awi-s; Slav. ovjza; Gr. oïs; cf. also Goth. avistr, ovile], a sheep (class.).
    I.
    Lit.:

    oves scabrae, glabrae,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 140:

    cum fervit maxime, tam placidum quasi ovem reddo,

    Ter. Ad. 4, 1, 18; Cic. N. D. 2, 63, 158:

    multae dictione ovium et boum,

    id. Rep. 2, 9, 16:

    ovis bona,

    Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 11:

    aurata,

    Ov. H. 6, 2:

    infirmae,

    Hor. Epod. 2, 10:

    lanigera,

    Verg. A. 3, 660:

    Milesiae,

    Col. 7, 2, 3:

    nigra,

    Verg. G. 4, 546:

    pinguis,

    id. E. 6, 5:

    placida,

    Ov. M. 13, 927:

    custos ovium,

    Verg. G. 1, 17:

    magistri ovium,

    id. E. 2, 33:

    tondere oves,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 10.—

    Prov.: ovem lupo committere,

    to appoint the wolf shepherd, Ter. Eun. 5, 1, 16; cf.:

    O praeclarum custodem ovium, ut ajunt, lupum,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 11, 27.—
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    Poet., wool:

    et niveam Tyrio murice tingit ovem,

    Tib. 2, 4, 28.—
    B.
    Sheep, for simpleton, ninny, fool, Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 3, q. v. 15.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ovis

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